FOUNDATION GRANTS FOR BUSINESS RELATED PURPOSES

A foundation is a nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to improve society. Each foundation has it's own special field of interest, and if you meet the eligibility requirements within that special interest, you can receive cash grants. There are more than 30,000 active private foundations in the United States. These foundations have been created by individuals, businesses, and large corporations. An individual might want to give back part of their wealth to society, another may give money in remembrance of a loved one.

The Wilder Foundation (PR)
P.O. Box 99
Key Biscayne, FL 33149
Program Description: Cultural and Educational support funding. Support general purposes, building funds, endowment funds, research, scholarship funds and matching funds. Contact person: Rita or Gary Wilder,
President and Vice President.

Sales Office of Technology Development
Forum Bldg. Room 352
Harrisburg, PA 17120
(717)787-4147
Program Description: Research seed grant for developing or commercializing new technology. Contact person: n/a

John W. Anderson Foundation (NP)
402 Wall Street
Valparaiso, IN 46383
(219)462-4611
P/D: Building grants for the following fields of interest. Child welfare, health organization, social welfare, physical and mentally disabled, hospital, college and universities, community development, youth organizations. Contact person: William N. Vinovich, Vice Chairman

Pew Charitable Trust
2005 Market Street, #1700
Philadelphia, PA 19102
(215) 575-9050
P/D: Funding for the environment, conservation, art, education, culture. Contact person: Rebecca W. Rimel, President

William G. Selby and Marie Selby Foundation (NP) 1800 2nd Street, Suite 905
Sarasota, FL 34236 (941)957-0442
P/D: Building and equipment grants for the following fields of interest. All levels of education, elderly, disabled, social welfare, health organization, public television, performing arts, YMCA, renovation grants. Contact person: Robert E. Perkins Exec. Dir.

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation (NP) One Biscayne Tower, Suite 3800
2 S. Biscayne Blvd.,
Miami, FL 33131-1803 (305) 908-2600
P/D: Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2000, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation makes national grants in journalism, education and arts and culture. Its fourth program, community initiatives, is concentrated in 26 communities where the Knight brothers published newspapers, but the Foundation is wholly separate from and independent of those newspapers. Grants given in areas of, for the following fields of interest: museums, performing arts, zoos, community development, churches, women minorities, social welfare, recreation, higher education, hospice, disabled, youth organizations, homeless, child welfare, low income housing, food banks, boys club, renovation grants.

Sales Office of Minority, Women & Emerging Small Bus. 155 Cottage Street NE, 3rd Floor
Salem, OR 97310 (503) 378-5651
P/D: Grants for woman owned and minority owned businesses, plus special information sources to assist in all aspects of business management.

Chatos Foundation Inc., (NP)
P.O. Box 915048
Longwood, FL 32791
P/D: Building and equipment grants for the following fields of interest. Social welfare, cultural organization, colleges and universities, hospitals, religious org., child welfare, homeless, recreation, disabled, renovation grants. Contact person: William J. Chatos, President.

Dept. of Economic Dev.
7 Jackson Walkway
Providence, RI 02903
(401) 277-2601
P/D: Grants for woman owned and minority owned businesses, plus special information sources to assist in all aspects of business management.

Michigan Strategic Fund
525 W. Ottawa 3rd Floor
Lansing, MI 48909 (517)373-1820
P/D: Grants $20,000 to $50,000 for prototype development and to support certain small business innovation projects for Michigan residents. State Research Fund (1-517-335-2139 If they are not currently making loans or grants you can also contact the Federal Small Business Administration at 1-800-827-5722 to learn about financing programs for which you may qualify.

Richard King Mellon Foun.
500 Grant Street, 41st Fl, Ste. 4106
Pittsburgh, PA 15219 (412)393-2800
P/D: Funding for education, health care, medical research, conservation, social services, mainly in Pittsburgh and western Pennsylvania. Contact person: Michael Watson, VP

Oregon Resource & Technology Dev. Corp. 1934 NE Broadway
Portland, OR 97232 (503)282-4462
P/D: Seed and early-state capital for new products.

Department of Economic Dev
301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, NE 68509 (800)426-6505
P/D: Economic Development Finance Program/Community Development Block Grant Program: provides grants to businesses for job-creating business development in towns under 2,500 population. Maximum loan is 50% of the project cost. At least one new job must be created or retained for every $20,000 and at least 51% of the jobs created or retained must be for low and moderate income persons. (402)471-4167

Retirement Research Foundation
8765 W. Higgins Rd., Ste. 401
Chicago, IL 60631 (773)714-8080
P/D: Funding to improve the quality of life of senior citizens, including nursing home care, unemployment, opportunities, independent living. Limited mostly to the Midwest & Florida area. Contact person: Marilyn Hennessy, Pres.

Economic Development & Commercial Revitalization Bureau of Community Assistance
2740 Centerview Drive
Tallahassee, FL 32399 (904)488-3581
P/D: Small City Community Development Block Grant Program: grants funds to small cities which lend money to businesses in order to foster economic development. Rhode Island Dept. of Economic Development 7 Jackson Walkway
Providence, RI 02903 (401)277-2601
P/D: One stop center which provides assistance and information to Business. Various small business grants, innovative and applied research grants, tax incentives.

Troy Foundation
c/o Star Bank
910 W. Main Street
Troy, OH 45373 (513) 335-8513
P/D: Local funding for community development, recreation, education, youth, cultural programs. Contact person: Melissa A. Kleptz
Exec. Dir.

Missouri Dept. of Economic Dev
Box 118
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(314)751-0717
P/D: Development Block Grants: make funds of up to $500,000 available for commercial rehabilitation of buildings for business, commercial industrial purposes. New jobs must be created, at least 51% for low & moderate income persons.

Sun Trust Bank Atlanta Foundation
c/o Suntrust Co. Bank, Atlanta
P.O. Box 4418, MC 041
Atlanta, GA 30302 (404)588-8250
P/D: Special project funds, building funds, renovation projects, equipment and employee matching gifts for local community development, welfare, social services, education, cultural programs, the arts and youth agencies. Contact person: Victor A. Gregory
Secretary

Dept. of Community Dev.
P.O. Box 48300
Olympia, WA 98504 (206)753-5632
P/D: Community Development Block Grant and Community Development Finance Program: provide loans, loan guarantees, and grants to businesses in select small cities and counties of Washington for economic development.

B. W. A. (NP)
321 E. Walnut, Suite 200
Des Moines, IA 50309
(319)277-6108
P/D: Building and equipment grants for the following fields of interest. Child welfare, cultural organizations, renovation grants. Contact person: Harriet Macomber
President

Allen H. & Selma W. Berkman Charitable Trust 1500 Oliver Bldg.
Pittsburgh, PA 15232 (412)355-8640
P/D: Local funding for community and urban development, historic preservation, arts, health and social services. Contact person: Allen H. Berkman
President

The Ben May Charitable Trust (FT)
Am South Bank, N.A.
PO Drawer 1628
Mobile, AL 36629
Application address: P.O. Box 123
Mobile, AL 36601
P/D: Grants for higher education, cancer and community development. No application form required. Contact person: Mr. Vivian G. Johnston, Jr., Chairperson, Distribution Committee.

Fair Play Foundation (FT)
350 Delaware Trust Building
Wilmington, DE 19801
(302)658-6771
P/D: Renovation projects, equipment and land acquisition for historic preservation, museums, environment and wildlife. Contact person: Blaine T. Phillips
President

Sales Office of Business Dev.
1625 Broadway, Ste. 1710
Denver, CO 80202 (303)892-3840
P/D: Rural Development Financing
Program and Economic Development Commission Funds: make grants to businesses which create or retain jobs for low/moderate income persons.

Florida First Capital Finance
Company
Dept. of Commerce
Bureau of Business Assistance
107 W. Gains Street
Tallahassee, FL 32399
(904) 487-0466
P/D: Small Business Innovation Research Grants Program: provides financing for the early research and development phase of innovation for small technology-based businesses.

Rhode Island Foundation
70 Elm Street
Providence, RI 02903 (401)274-4564
P/D: Funding for arts, education, environment, social services, child welfare, health in Rhode Island. Contact person: Ronald Thorpe, VP Pro.

The Needmor Fund (PR)
2305 Canyon Blvd., Suite 101
Boulder, CO 80302
P/D: Seed money, technical assistance, general purposes, operating budgets for projects designed to empower disadvantaged populations. Emphasis on grassroots, member-controlled organizations with realistic strategies and goals. Funding interest includes the environment agriculture, rural development, housing, community development and minority populations Contact person: Lynn Gisi, Coordinator

The Hawaii Community Foundation (FT)
900 Fort Street Mall, Suite 1300
Honolulu, HI 96813 (808) 537-6333
P/D: Funds for families in crises, youth problems, environment concerns, historic preservation, community-based economic development and family services. Grants for operating budgets, seed money, equipment, technical assistance, research, special projects, renovations, student aid, scholarship funds, consulting services and seminars. Contact person: Jane Renfro Smith, Chief Executive Officer

Hall Family Foundation (PR)
Charitable & Crown Investment-323
P.O. Box 419580
Kansas City, MO 64141-6580
(816) 274-8516
P/D: Funding support for the arts, youth (especially education) economic development, and the elderly. Grants for program-related investments, seed money, emergency funds, building funds, special projects and renovation projects. Contact person: Wendy Burcham, Peggy
Collins, Margaret H. Pence or John Laney, Program Officers.

Virginia Dept. of Housing and Community Dev. 205 N. 4th Street
Richmond, VA 23219 (804)786-4474
P/D: Community Development Block Grants: are made to cities and counties which in turn lend them to eligible businesses to provide jobs.

General Research & Technology Activity Assistant Secretary
Policy Development & Research
Budget, Contracts and Program Control Division, Department of Housing & Urban Development 451 76th Street SW
Washington, DC 20410
(202)708-1796
P/D: Project grants for research and demonstration projects preselected by the Department of Housing and Urban Development as high priority projects designed to improve HUD program operations.

Utah Technology Finance Corp.
419 Wakara Way
Salt Lake City, UT 84108
(801) 364-4346
P/D: Grants to assist the growth of new and emerging technology businesses.

The Christian Workers Foundation (PR)
3038 Bankhead Avenue
Montgomery, AL 36106
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 457
Wolfeboro, NH 03896
P/D: Program related investments to evangelistic Christian organizations involved in youth work. Applications are by invitation only. No geographic restrictions.
Contact person: G.R. Lockhart,
Trustee

Center for Innovation and Business Development Box 8103, University Station
University of North Dakota
Grand Forks, ND 58202
(701)777-3132
P/D: Grants to entrepreneurs for research on technical innovations.

Metropolitan Life Foundation
1 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
(212) 578-6272
P/D: Funding for urban development, health, education, social services, cultural programs, art. Contact person: A. Dennis White, VP. Corporate Contributions

Promotion of the Humanities Text/Publication Subventions, Division of Research Programs, Room 318 National Endowment for the Humanities
Washington, DC 20506
(202) 606-0207
P/D: Project grants to publishing entities for the dissemination of works of scholarly distinction that, without support, could not be published. Eligible to non-profit and commercial scholarly presses and publishers.

New Jersey Economic Development Authority Capital Place One
200 S. Warren Street, CN990
Trenton, NJ 08625 (609)292-1800
P/D: Direct loans, loan guarantees, revolving lines of credit.

California Dept. of Commerce
801 K Street, Ste. 1700
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916)324-8211
P/D: Sales Office of Business Dev.
Enterprises Zones: provide tax incentives to encourage job producing businesses.

Department of Economic and Community Development 193 State Street, #59
August, ME 04333 (800)872-3838
P/D: Development Block Grant Loan Program: makes funds available to cities and counties which then lend the funds to businesses for commercial rehabilitation or existing buildings used for business, commercial, or industrial purposes. Every $15,000 must create one full-time job.

David H. Koch Charitable Foundation (PR) 4111 E. 37th Street North
Wichita, KS 67220 (316)832-5222
P/D: Grants for seed money, building funds, campaigns, scholarship funds, operating budgets, general purposes and continuing support. Focus on the arts, education, cultural programs and economics. Contact: Ruth E. Williams

Minority Business Development Centers
Office of Operations
Minority Business Dev. Agency
U.S. Department of Commerce, Rm.5096, 14th & Constitution Ave.,NW Washington, DC 20230
(202) 377-8015
P/D: Project grants for businesses willing to provide free management and technical assistance to economically and socially disadvantaged individuals who need help in starting and/or operating businesses. Primary objective of the assistance are to increase the gross receipts and decrease the failure rates of the client firms. National Contact: Associate Director, Office of Operations

Xerox Foundation
P.O. Box 1600
Stamford, CT 06904 (203) 968-3445
P/D: Funding for civic, cultural and social organizations, science & tech., higher education. Contact: Joseph M Calahan, VP

The Nathaniel and Elizabeth
P. Stevens Foundation (PR)
P.O. Box 111
North Andover, MA 01845
(508) 688-7211
P/D: Support for conservation, housing social services, historic preservation, the arts. Grants for general purposes, program-related investments, seed money, emergency funds, building funds, equipment, land acquisition, matching funds, and special projects. Contact: Elizabeth A. Beland, Administrator.

Department of Economic Development & Tourism 1100 St. Francis Dr. Room 2006
Santa Fe, NM 87503 (505)827-0425
P/D: Grants for woman owned and minority owned businesses, plus special information sources to assist in all aspects of business management.

Foundation for the Tri-State Community (FT) P.O. Box 2096
Ashland, KY 41105 (606)324-3888
P/D: Funding for charitable, scientific, cultural, and educational concerns. Support for general purposes, special projects, seed money, consulting services and technical assistance. Contact: Theodore N. Burke Jr., Chief Exec.
Officer and President

Management and Technical Assistance for Minority Business Enterprises Office of Minority Economic Impact
Department of Energy
Forrestal Building, Rm. 5B-110
Washington, DC 20585
(202) 586-1594
P/D: Grants and services to encourage increased participation of minority and women business enterprises (MBEs) in the Department of Energy=s high technology research and development activities.

Omaha Community Foun.
Two Central Park Plaza
222 South 15th Street
Omaha, NE 68102 (402)342-3458
P/D: Support for cultural programs, education, neighborhood and community development, health, social services, women and youth. Grants for building funds, conferences and seminars, continuing support, emergency funds, matching funds, publications, renovation projects, seed money, technical assistance and other types of support. Contact person: W. Earl Taylor, Exec. Director

Promotion of the Humanities Centers for Advanced Study Centers for Advanced Study
Division of Research Programs
National Endowment for the Humanities, Rm. 318 Washington, DC 20506
(202) 606-8210
P/D: Support to independent research centers, American research centers overseas, and independent libraries and museums for interrelated scholarly research in well-defined subject areas. Funding provided allows these research centers to offer fellowships stipends.

Department of Commerce
1424 Ninth Avenue
Helena, MT 59620 (406)444-3757
P/D: Development Block Grant Program: make funds of up to $500,000 available for business, commercial, industrial purposes. New jobs must be created, at least 51% for low and moderate income persons.

Mc Inery Foundation (NP)
c/o Pacific Century Trust
130 Merchant Street
Honolulu, HI 96813 (808)538-4944
P/D: Building and equipment grants for the following fields of interest. Hospitals, youth organizations, special education, social welfare, performing arts, abused women.

Operating Assistance for Troubled Multifamily Housing Projects Director, Office of Multifamily Housing
Management,
Dept. of Housing and Urban Devlop.
Washington, DC 20410 (202)708-3730
P/D: Flexible subsidy to assist in restoration and maintenance of physical/financial stability of structure; top assist with ongoing management and operating costs of low-to-moderate-income projects approved under the National Housing Act or under the HUD Act of 1965. National Contact: Director, Program Support Branch.

Boettcher Foundation (NP)
600 17th Street, Ste. 2210S
Denver, CO 80202 (303)534-1937
P/D: Building and equipment grants. Grants issued throughout Colorado for the following fields of interest: Low income housing, disabled, elderly, child welfare, hospitals, community development, all levels of education, youth organizations, health organizations, social welfare, performing arts, museums, zoos, planned parenthood, boy scouts. Contact: Timothy W. Schultz, Pres.

The Minneapolis Foundation
A200 Foshay Tower
821 Marquette Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55402 (612)339-7343

William C. And Taheodosia Murphy Nolana Found. 200 N. Jefferson, Ste. 308
El Dorado, AR 71730
P/D: Building and equipment grants for the following field of interest: Hospitals, education, cultural organizations. Contact: William E. Nolan, VP

Post & Courier Foundations
134 Columbus Street
Charleston, SC 29403 (803)577-7111
P/D: Local funding for community dev.,
law enforcement, cultural programs, conservation. Contact: J. Douglas Donehur, Admin.

Sunnen Foundation (PR)
7910 Manchester Avenue
St. Louis, MO 63143 (314)781-2100
P/D: Grants for matching funds, special projects, capital campaigns, endowment funds. Support for family planning, civil rights, child welfare, youth, family services, primarily for protection of reproductive and First Amendment Rights. Contact: Helen S. Sly, President

Division of Economic & Community Development Dept. of Commerce
Barrett Bldg. 4th fl. North
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307)777-7284
P/D: Economic Development Block Grant Program: gives money to participating cities, towns and counties for economic development projects, which then lend the money to local businesses to create jobs.

Biological Models and Materials Research Office of Grants and Contract Management, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health Public Health Service
Bethesda, MD 20892
P/D: Project Grants and SBIR Grants to fund biomedical research in non-mammalian models. Eligible to hospitals, educational institutions, and other organizations. SBIR grants are awarded to small domestic businesses with fewer than 500 employees. Contact: Grants Management Officer

Kimberly-Clark Foundation
P.O. Box 619100
Dallas, TX 75161 (214)830-1200
P/D: Funding for community development, conservation, museums, the arts, youth, drug abuse, higher education, primarily where the corporation has operations. Contact: Colleen B. Manno, VP

Phelps Dodge Foundation- NP
2600 N. Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85004 (602)234-8100
P/D: Building and equipment grants for the following fields of interest. Welfare, cultural organizations, performing arts, youth organizations, health organizations social welfare, community development, YMCA. Contact: R. C.I Swan, Pres.

Women=s Business Ownership Assistance
Small Business Administration
Office of Women=s Business Ownrshp
409 3rd Street, SW
Washington, DC 10416
(202) 205-6673
P/D: This office makes a small number of grant to nonprofit organizations to run women's business centers. Their website home page at www. sba. gov/womeninbusiness and the Online Women's Business Center website is at www.onlinewbc.gov . Their programs and services, including loan guaranty programs and more. are administered through the SBA district offices across the country. There is at least one in your state; you can call the SBA Answer Desk at 1-800-U ASK SBA. Charles Stewart Mott Foun.
Office of Proposal Entry
1200 Mott Foundation Building
Flint, MI 48502-1851 (313)238-5651
P/D: Program-related investments, support for community improvement and education, environmental management, vocational education, family services, early childhood education and minorities. Contact: Judy Samelson, VP. Comm.

Bureau of Minority Business Development
Dept. of Development, P.O. Box 7970
Madison, WI 53707 (608)267-9550
P/D: Grants for woman owned and minority owned businesses, plus special information sources to assist in all aspects of business management.

Procurement Assistance to Small Businesses Associate Administrator Procurement Assistance Small Business Administration
409 3rd Street, SW
Washington, DC 20416
(202)205-6460
P/G: Assistance to small businesses to help them obtain contracts and subcontracts for federal government supplies and services and to help obtain property sold by the federal government. Eligible to existing and potential small businesses, i.e. those that are independently owned and operated but are not dominant in their fields. Local Contact: Field Office of Small Business Admin.

Management and Technical Assistance for Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Businesses Associate Administrator
Minority Small Business & Capital Ownership Development Small Business Administration
409 3rd Street, SW #
Washington, DC 20416 (202)205-6423
P/D: Project grants to give technical and management assistance to individuals, public and private organizations to help them succeed with existing or potential businesses that are socially or economically disadvantaged and are located in areas of high unemployment.

Ramuson Foundation (PR)
c/o National Bank of Alaska
P.O. Box 10060
Anchorage, AK 99510
(907) 265-2908
P/D: For Alaska nonprofit organizations. Building and equipment grants. Performing arts; museums, community development; social welfare; youth organizations, elderly, disabled, recreation. Contact: Diane Kaplan

Business Services
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, General Services Administration Washington, DC 20405
(202) 501-1021
P/D: Provides small and disadvantaged business firms with advice and counseling on taking advantage of government contracting opportunities. Procurement and surplus sales contracts are available as are concession and construction contracts. National contacts: Dir. Local Contact: Business Serv. Ctr. General Services Administration

Deposit Guaranty Foun. (PR)
One Deposit Guaranty Plaza
P.O. Box 730
Jackson, MS 39105
P/D: Program-related investments and other types of support for education, community fund, social services, youth and the arts. Contact: William M. Jones Sen. VP
Deposit Guaranty Nat=l Bank

Engineering Grants
Directorate for Engineering
National Science Foundation
4201 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22230 (703)306-1302
P/D: Grants for research in engineering and technology, including funds for laboratory improvement and for research opportunities for women, minorities and disabled scientists and engineers. Contact: Paul Herer, Senior Advt., Direct. For Engineering

Computer and Information Science and Engineering
National ScienceFoundation
4201 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22230 (703)306-1900
P/D: Grants funding to support research to improve the fundamental understanding of computer and information processing, to improve the training and education of scientists, engineers, and other personnel in the field, to provide access to advanced computer networking capabilities. Available to small businesses as well as academic institutions and government agencies.

Commercial Drivers Ed.
Division of National Programs
Office of the Assistance Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education U.S. Department of Education
400 Maryland Ave, SW
Washington, DC 20202-7242
(202) 205-5864
P/D: Project grants to establish and operate adult education programs to improve literacy skills of commercial drivers. Contact: Paul Geib

Cooper Foundation (PR)
304 Cooper Plaza
211 North 12th Street
Lincoln, NE 68508 (402)476-7571
P/D: Seed money, general purposes, and matching funds for the arts, social services for humanities. Contact: Art Thompson, President

The Lupin Foundation (PR)
3715 Prytania Street, Ste. 307
New Orleans, LA 70115
(504) 897-6640
P/D: Support for education, the arts, civic affairs, community development. Grants for equipment research, scholarship funds, special projects, matching funds, continuing support, general purposes, program- related investments, renovation projects and seed money. Contact: Loni Wesolowski Coordinator

UNUM Charitable Foundation
2211 Congress Street
Portland, ME 04122 (207)770-4378
P/D: Support for AIDS, the aged, handicapped, family services, community development, the arts, and education. Grants for capital campaigns, employee matching gifts, matching funds, seed money, and special projects. Contact: Janice Manning, Secretary

Economic Dev. Administration
304 N. 8, #441
Boise, ID 83702 (208)334-1521
P/D: Makes grants to communities for industrial site development. Communities then makes grants for individual businesses which are enable to obtain loans from conventional sources. One job must be created for every $10,000.

Federal Transit Capital Improvement Grants Federal Transit Administration
U.S. Department of Transportation
400 Seventh Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
P/D: Project grants to help finance the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, and improvement of facilities and equipment for use in mass transportation service in urban areas, and to assist in coordinating such service with other forms or transportation in such areas.

Robert Z. Hawkins Foun.
One East Liberty St., Ste. 509
Reno, NV 89501 (702) 786-1105
P/D: Special project grants for youth, child welfare, higher education, community development, social services and Protestant giving. Contact: William A. Lindsay

Capital Construction Fund
Associate Administrator For Maritime Aids, Maritime Admin. U.S. Department of Transportation
Washington, DC 20590
(202) 366-0364
P/D: Grants in the form of tax benefits for replacement vessels, additional vessels, or reconstructed vessels, built sand documented under the laws of the United States for operation in the United States= foreign, Great Lakes, or non contiguous domestic trade. For U.S. citizens who own or lease one or more eligible vehicles and demonstrate financial capability to complete program. Contact: Associate Administrator for Maritime Aids.

Ellis L. Phillips Foundation
29 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02116-2349
(617) 424-7607
P/D: Seed money, funding for emerging organizations developing new programs, grants for education on public issues, bio-diversity conservation, women=s issues, music, visual arts and historic preservation. Contact. Janet Walsh, Exec. D